Methods for Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Embryo Cleavage In Vitro

Automated or semiautomated time-lapse analysis of early stage embryo images during the cleavage stage can give insight into the timing of mitosis, regularity of both division timing and pattern, as well as cell lineage. Simultaneous monitoring of molecular processes enables the study of connections between genetic expression and cell physiology and development. The study of live embryos poses not only new requirements on the hardware and embryo-holding equipment but also indirectly on analytical software and data analysis as four-dimensional video sequencing of embryos easily creates high quantities of data. The ability to continuously film and automatically analyze growing embryos gives new insights into temporal embryo development by studying morphokinetics as well as morphology. Until recently, this was not possible unless by a tedious manual process. In recent years, several methods have been developed that enable this dynamic monitoring of live embryos. Here we describe three methods with variations in hardware and software analysis and give examples of the outcomes. Together, these methods open a window to new information in developmental embryology, as embryo division pattern and lineage are studied in vivo

Alcohol and drug use by Spanish drivers: Comparison of two cross-sectional road-side surveys (2008–9/2013)

Producción CientíficaDriving under the influence of substances (DUI) other than alcohol has been the subject of increasing interest over the past few decades (Schulze et al., 2012). As with alcohol, research has shown that drug intake increases the risk of road traffic accidents (Elvik, 2013; Schulze et al., 2012; Verstraete & Legrand, 2014). Intervention in this area is a priority. A key factor for deterring DUI is to convince drug-using drivers that the risk of detection is high (Jones, Donnelly, Swift, & Weatherburn, 2006; Watling, Palk, Freeman, & Davey, 2010) thus, adequate law enforcement, and the continuity of roadside testing for drug use among drivers, play an important role (Shepherd, 2001; Watson & Freeman, 2007). For the European Project DRUID (Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines; http://www.druid-project.eu), roadside surveys were conducted in 13 European countries and results showed large differences in the prevalence of alcohol and drug intake by country (Schulze et al., 2012). The highest prevalence was found in Southern Europe (Italy, Spain and Portugal). In Spain, avoiding driving after alcohol or drug use has been recognized as crucial to improving road safety. Five years after the DRUID project, a new roadside survey was conducted following a similar methodology in order to study whether the use of alcohol and drugs among Spanish drivers had changed

Reparación sistemática del manguito rotador: Clasificación de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá

La cirugía de manguito rotador se ha popularizado en los últimos años y pasó de realizarse mediante una técnica abierta, en la mayoría de los casos, a la reparación artroscópica. Se han descrito múltiples técnicas para la fijación del hueso, pero no se han estandarizado el orden y los pasos para llevar a cabo esta reparación, lo que generó inconsistencias y heterogeneidad en los resultados de la reparación. En este artículo, se propone una nueva clasificación de las lesiones del manguito rotador que les permitirá a los cirujanos tomar decisiones durante la cirugía de reparación artroscópica del manguito rotador

Transferencias tendinosas en hombro. Técnica quirúrgica y revisión de la literatura

En lesiones con criterios de irreparabilidad del manguito rotador en pacientes jóvenes y activos se considera realizar transferencia tendinosa como una opción de tratamiento; transferencia del trapecio inferior en lesiones irreparables posterosuperiores del manguito rotador; transferencia del dorsal ancho vía anterior en lesiones irreparables de supraespinoso y transferencia de dorsal ancho en lesiones irreparables del subescapular. En este trabajo realizamos una revisión narrativa de la técnica quirúrgica. Además, se puede observar el video de la experiencia anatómica de cada técnica descripta

Redox-dependent and redox-independent functions of Caenorhabditis elegans thioredoxin 1

Thioredoxins (TRX) are traditionally considered as enzymes catalyzing redox reactions. However, redox-independent functions of thioredoxins have been described in different organisms, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet unknown. We report here the characterization of the first generated endogenous redox-inactive thioredoxin in an animal model, the TRX-1 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that TRX-1 dually regulates the formation of an endurance larval stage (dauer) by interacting with the insulin pathway in a redox-independent manner and the cGMP pathway in a redox-dependent manner. Moreover, the requirement of TRX-1 for the extended longevity of worms with compromised insulin signalling or under calorie restriction relies on TRX-1 redox activity. In contrast, the nuclear translocation of the SKN-1 transcription factor and increased LIPS-6 protein levels in the intestine upon trx-1 deficiency are strictly redox-independent. Finally, we identify a novel function of C. elegans TRX-1 in male food-leaving behaviour that is redox-dependent. Taken together, our results position C. elegans as an ideal model to gain mechanistic insight into the redox-independent functions of metazoan thioredoxins, overcoming the limitations imposed by the embryonic lethal phenotypes of thioredoxin mutants in higher organisms.NIH Office of Research Infrastructure P40 OD010440Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness BFU2015- 64408-PFondo Social Europeo BFU2015- 64408-PNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health R01AI07640

Cis- and trans-regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in the ASJ sensory neuron of Caenorhabditis elegans

© 2015 by the Genetics Society of America. The identity of a given cell type is determined by the expression of a set of genes sharing common cis-regulatory motifs and being regulated by shared transcription factors. Here, we identify cis and trans regulatory elements that drive gene expression in the bilateral sensory neuron ASJ, located in the head of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. For this purpose, we have dissected the promoters of the only two genes so far reported to be exclusively expressed in ASJ, trx-1 and ssu-1. We hereby identify the ASJ motif, a functional cis-regulatory bipartite promoter region composed of two individual 6 bp elements separated by a 3 bp linker. The first element is a 6 bp CG-rich sequence that presumably binds the Sp family member zinc-finger transcription factor SPTF-1. Interestingly, within the C. elegans nervous system SPTF-1 is also found to be expressed only in ASJ neurons where it regulates expression of other genes in these neurons and ASJ cell fate. The second element of the bipartite motif is a 6 bp AT-rich sequence that is predicted to potentially bind a transcription factor of the homeobox family. Together, our findings identify a specific promoter signature and SPTF-1 as a transcription factor that functions as a terminal selector gene to regulate gene expression in C. elegans ASJ sensory neurons.Some C. elegans strains were provided by the CGC, which is funded by the National Institutes of Health Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440), and by the Japanese National Bioresource Project, which is funded by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science and Technology. We thank Nuria Flames for advice and support and María Jesús Rodríguez-Palero and Francisco José Naranjo-Galindo for excellent technical assistance. This work was financed by grants to A.M.-V. from the Junta de Andalucía (Projects P07-CVI-02697 and P08-CVI-03629). Work in the laboratory of P.S. was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council and the Torsten Söderberg Foundation. E.K. was supported by a grant from the European Union FP6 Marie Curie Research Training Network “EUrythron” MRTN-CT-2004-005499.Peer Reviewe

Bloqueos supraescapular e interescalénico como analgesia después de la reparación artroscópica del manguito rotador: estudio de cohorte comparativo retrospectivo

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la eficacia de los bloqueos interescalénico y supraescapular, solos y combinados, como analgesia posoperatoria en las primeras 3 horas tras la reparación artroscópica del manguito rotador. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de cohorte comparativo retrospectivo, realizado entre 2019 y 2021. El criterio de valoración principal fue el puntaje del dolor de hombro en la sala de recuperación evaluado con una escala analógica visual por el paciente. Los criterios de valoración secundarios fueron el consumo de opioides en la sala de recuperación y las complicaciones de la anestesia locorregional. Resultados: Se incluyó a 175 pacientes, 13 en el grupo de bloqueo interescalénico, 61 en el grupo de bloqueos interescalénico más supraescapular y 101 en el grupo de bloqueo supraescapular. Los grupos de bloqueo interescalénico y de bloqueo interescalénico más supraescapular tuvieron significativamente menos dolor en la sala de recuperación y una tasa total menor de opioides consumidos en miligramos equivalentes de morfina que el grupo de bloqueo supraescapular (p = 0,001 y p <0,01, respectivamente). No hubo diferencias significativas en el dolor ni el consumo de opioides entre el bloqueo interescalénico solo o combinado con bloqueo supraescapular. Conclusiones: El bloqueo interescalénico fue más eficaz que el bloqueo supraescapular para aliviar el dolor y disminuir el consumo de opioides en la sala de recuperación tras la reparación artroscópica del manguito rotador. La combinación de bloqueo interescalénico más bloqueo supraescapular no resultó en un incremento de la eficacia, y se sugiere no combinar estas dos técnicas

Mortalidad y mortalidad prematura relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol en España entre 1999 y 2004

Producción CientíficaEl propósito del estudio ha sido analizar la mortalidad y la mortalidad prematura atribuibles al consumo de alcohol en España entre 1999 y 2004. Se han utilizado los datos de defunciones según causa de muerte, agrupados por edad y sexo, para 60 procesos. Para cada proceso se calcularon, por sexos y grupos quinquenales de edad, el número de muertes atribuibles al consumo de alcohol, los porcentajes, las tasas por 100.000 habitantes ajustadas a la población estándar europea y los años potenciales de vida perdidos (APVP) hasta los 70 años. La mortalidad, ajustada a la población estándar europea, atribuible al consumo de alcohol fue del 2,1% y descendió entre 1999 y 2004. Los procesos crónicos contribuyeron al 60% de la mortalidad. Las enfermedades del aparato digestivo, y en particular «Otras cirrosis », fueron los procesos que más contribuyeron a la mortalidad. El 9,3% de todos los APVP fue atribuible al consumo de alcohol. Los procesos agudos provocaron casi el 70% de estos APVP, y los accidentes no intencionales fueron la causa principal. El consumo de alcohol es una causa importante de mortalida

Estudio De Percepción De Emprendedores Universitarios Sobre El Impacto De Un Programa Escolar De Emprendimiento En Sus Empresas, En Tehuipango, Veracruz

Entrepreneurship has impacts on countries, generating jobs and socioeconomic development. In Mexico, from the 1980s, Higher Education Institutions develop entrepreneurship and self-employment promotion programs, to promote entrepreneurial philosophy among their students. In the State of Veracruz, since 2015 the Higher Technological Institute of Zongolica has developed the Social Entrepreneur and Self-Employment (SES) program. The objective of this research is to conduct a study of the perception of university entrepreneurs on the impact of the SES school program on their companies, in the municipality of Tehuipango, Veracruz. For which a questionnaire was designed, applied and validated to a population of 32 graduates of the entrepreneur program. It is concluded that the respondents agree with being entrepreneurs, consider having influenced socioeconomically in their municipality and perceive that the social entrepreneur and self-employment program influenced their level of entrepreneurship. Finally, it was identified the need to create a program of accompaniment to companies, as support so that they continue operating in the market